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Indeed!And with new cases Currently stabilised per here https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/uk/and the data used to justify it being shown to be out of date and largely taken before the current regional approach could be judged as Whitty and valance pretty much admitted under questioning it looks extremely dubious.In hotspots like Liverpool the tide has already clearly turned and Manchester has plateaued/ started to fallhttps://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/cases?areaType=ltla&areaName=Liverpoolhttps://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/cases?areaType=ltla&areaName=ManchesterAnd even here in London.....https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/cases?areaType=region&areaName=LondonOn top of this they now have the new lateral flow tests which whilst not perfect are likely to be able to be extremely effective as they’ve claimed.There appears little justification to close businesses during a busy time of year for retail and hospitality based on out of date flaky modelsHaving said that it seems we are resigned to it.  I do hope though that the exposure of the bias in presentations by Whitty &co will mean that there will be far more critical scrutiny of their future advice, and Ferguson should be banned.I hope if the Friday leaker is found that that ends their career and also, wouldn’t it be nice if these people (and all mps who vote for lockdown) could have their pay reduced to £2500 a month so they can share the pain in a small way that their judgements are inflicting on millions.

Mike Warman ● 1974d

Thank you to those who have added thought provoking comments to this thread.It may be worth summarising Dr Mike Yeadon’s analysis for those who have not had time to follow it:SAGE has made three incorrect assumptions which have had, and continue to have, disastrous consequences for people’s lives and the economy.Firstly, Sage assumes that the vast majority of the population is vulnerable to infection; Second, that only 7% of the population has been infected so far; and Third, that the virus causing Covid-19 has a mortality rate of about 1%. The reality, though, is rather different.While the Covid-19 virus is new, other coronaviruses are not. In the UK there are at least four known strains of coronavirus which cause the common cold.Many individuals who’ve been infected by other coronaviruses have immunity to closely related ones such as the Covid-19 virus.Multiple research groups in Europe and the US have shown that around 30% of the population was likely already immune to Covid-19 before the virus arrived.SAGE modelled a mortality rate of around 1%. After extensive world wide surveys, pre-eminent scientists have concluded that the mortality rate is closer to 0.2%.That figure means one in 500 people infected may die. When applied to the total number of Covid deaths in the UK (around 45,000), this would imply that approximately 22.5million people have been infected. That is 33.5% of our population – not Sage’s 7% calculation.Sage reached its conclusion by assessing the prevalence of Covid-19 antibodies in national blood surveys, but we know that not every infected individual produces antibodies.The immune systems of most healthy people bypass the complex and energy-intensive process of making antibodies because the virus can be overcome by other means. The human immune system has several lines of defence.These include innate immunity which is comprised of the body’s physical barriers to infection and protective secretions (the skin and its oils, the cough reflex, tears etc); its inflammatory response (to localise and minimise infection and injury), and the production of non-specific cells (phagocytes) that target an invading virus/bacterium.In addition, the immune system produces antibodies that protect against a specific virus or bacterium (and confer immunity) and T-cells (a type of white blood cell) that are also specific.It is the T-cells that are crucial in our body’s response to respiratory viruses such as Covid-19.Studies show that while not all individuals infected by the Covid-19 viruses have antibodies, they do have T-cells that can respond to the virus and therefore have immunity. Of the 750million people the World Health Organisation says have been infected by the virus, almost none have been reinfected.So, if some 33.5% of our population have already been infected by the virus this year (and are now immune) – and a further 30% were already immune before we even heard of Covid-19, then once you also factor in that a tenth of the UK population is aged ten or under and therefore largely invulnerable (children are rarely made ill by the virus), that leaves about 26.5% of people who are actually susceptible to being infected.That’s a far cry from SAGE’s current prediction of 93%.…………………..In short SAGE is recommending lockdown based on incorrect assumptions.

Edward Thompson ● 1978d

Nice to see the spirit of respectful debate remains live and well on this forum!!I don't doubt that many epidemiologists are stringently opposed to the GBD.  Their sole focus is on tracking and modelling the virus.  Many of the original signatories of the declaration (it was a mistake to leave it open for any joker on the web to add their signature) are leading experts in other areas of health and social care - cancer; heart disease; mental health, which they argue are being ignored at the expense of Covid-19.  I think their opinion that that 'current lockdown policies  are producing devastating effects on short term and long-term public health' to be persuasive.  I also think there's strong evidence to support their view that these effects are being disproportionately felt by the young and the poorer parts of our society and will last for years.  A few new reports (or were new to me) that have emerged in the last couple of weeks: - The Resolution Foundation predict that unemployment in the 17 - 29 age group could hit 17% by Christmas, as this age group takes the brunt of the economic hit of lockdowns - Macmillan Cancer Support report that there are now likely to be 50,000 people in the UK with undiagnosed cancer that would, in other years, have been picked up.  It will take 20 months to clear this backlog. Some of these people will not have 20 months left - MIND report that rates of depression doubled during the first national lockdown, with 19% of UK adults experiencing symptoms of depression.  18% of vulnerable people considered suicide or self-harm.  They predict numbers will get worse during any Winter lockdown- OXFAM suggest that an additional 12,000 people globally could be dying of starvation every day as a result of the economic effects of national lockdownsI'm not questioning the science behind the Covid response.  The experts said number of cases would rise when we came out of lockdown and so it has proved.  New cases are now rife and will seemingly continue to rise without further interventions.  We are, however, pretty confident that for the overwhelming majority of these people, having the virus will cause nothing more than a few days mild illness - if any symptoms at all.  For a minority of people - the ill elderly and the vulnerable with underlying health conditions - the virus poses a mortal threat.  The scientists tell us that more people will die and rates of death will grow.  It is right, therefore, that we, as a society, seek to protect these people as we best we can. My issue is that right now, the policy seems to be to prevent death by any means - quantity of life over quality.  I think it's a valid question to ask whether this is what the elderly and vulnerable want?  To what extent have we involved these people in decisions about their own lives?  For the terminally ill Mum in Wales last week, who was made to choose which of one her four children could visit her in hospital to say goodbye - was this decision in her interests? Are the elderly in care homes, who have been denied the chance to spend precious times with their families, content to sign up to another year of missing out on seeing their loved ones in person - which in some cases will mean never seeing them again?  What about those younger people with health conditions who work but are unable to do so from home - are they willing to sign up to another few months on low or no pay because they've been told to shield at home?  If the answer to all these questions is yes, then fine - let the lockdowns continue.  I'm not, however, hearing anything from patient groups or representative bodies that the government and scientist are involving them in these decisions. I think Michael E's view that we'll be living in current conditions for another year to be plausible, mirroring the 18 month cycle from 1918.  Given we're potentially not half-way through this cycle, I don't think it's wrong to ask questions about the full cost of lockdowns and whether these are proportionate to the benefits.  The original signatories of the GBD decided that they weren't.  Others have disagreed and all are entitled to their views.  Critically, however, these are the sorts of debates we should be having in a civilised society.  Resorting to petty name-calling and general tub-thumping when faced with a view different to yours is really rather sad - and arguably more dangerous

Craig Fordham ● 1978d

It is a pity that Edward Thompson and others continue to attempt to disseminate cod science on this website, with the effect potentially of seriously misleading people during a public health crisis. At such a time people need good science-based advice, not politically influeneced nonsense.As an example:"Mike Yeadon and significant number of other epidemiologists, medics and scientists take the view that..."Mike Yeadon is not an epidemiologist. He may be a scientist. So am I. I have no expertise in this particular area. Neither has he. He did a PhD 30 years ago and since then has worked in industry. It may be tempting to agree with what he says because it chimes with one's own beliefs. But he is a very arrogant man who is full of opinions, not science. He has done no research in this area.He has not carried out one single experiment nor has he published one single peer-reviewed paper in a scientific journal on this subject. There really is little point in relying upon his advice simply because he has appeared on Julia Hartley-Bigot's low-brow radio programme. Indeed his prounouncements from only a few weeks ago have already been proved wrong by events.The "Great Barrington Declaration" has been signed by a few scientists and medics (including Dr Shipman and Dr Joe Bananas). Over 95% of the scientific community with expertise in  this area though has signed the John Snow Memorandum, which is totally opposed to the GBD. Indeed it explains in some detail, with scientific references why the GBD is total cr*p.These people are at best socially malevolent and at worst truly dangerous.It is a great pity that the current government (of pig-ignorant amateurs) is making such a hash of our response to the virus as it creates room for such nonsense to flourish - it is a new situation for all of us - I would be prepared to cut them some slack - but these idiots (Yeadon, Toby Young  et al) they are a menace.

Michael Winstanley ● 1979d

Ed Robinson says:“Edward - Putting aside the scientific evidence, I'm unclear what action or changes you think the UK government should take both in London and UK wide.To most people it is the actions and outcomes that are important.”I would never want to put aside the scientific evidence. We need to struggle to understand the science and learn from it so that we are in a better position to know what actions to take to achieve the outcomes that are, in this case of the coronavirus pandemic, very important.Mike Yeadon and significant number of other epidemiologists, medics and scientists take the view that we should Not be taking the drastic Lockdown route [except in those areas where the hospital resources are under strain].  It is the vulnerable who should be protected [generally those over 65, those overweight and those with known co morbidity factors such as diabetes]. The young and the fit do not need to be protected. If they catch corona virus and have symptoms they will, in the vast majority of cases, have mild symptoms which generally last less than 12 days.  I do not belittle the inconvenience of suffering these temporary symptoms, but the bonus is that if you have had it you are very unlikely to get that virus again (whether through developing T cell immunity or antibodies) AND you will no longer be in a position to spread it to others.  [There is a risk that if you are exposed to a future virus with some mutation then you may catch that, but probably with less severity than if you had not recovered from the initial infection].There is a risk for a small proportion of those who get corona virus badly that they may suffer longer term post viral infection: “Long Covid”.  Again I think that Long Covid is more likely in the vulnerable and this is another reason why they should be shielded.The virus is largely spread by those people who get it AND suffer symptoms.  Therefore the larger the number of young and fit people who have had it, the more difficult it is for the virus to find anyone one new to infect and reproduce itself.When the majority of people have had the virus, the risk of infection will fade away to a very low level.     Once the virus has lost traction then it will no longer be necessary to shield the vulnerable.This is the outcome that we would all like to see.………………What I have written above is a summary  of what many other people have also worked out.  [I claim no originality!]  A distinguished set of epidemiologists got together in New England earlier in October and explained this approach.  They then published The Great Barrington Declaration and invited other  medics, scientists and others to sign it if they agreed with it.  Over  500,000 people have signed it.You can read it at https://gbdeclaration.org/I encourage you to read it.And to sign it if you agree. 

Edward Thompson ● 1979d

Hello Richard, You say there are 5,000 cases per million in London.  If I say 5 cases per 1,000 it does not sound so ominous?   It is always a question as to how statistics are presented.  If you read the newspapers today: — the Telegraph indicates 22,885 new COVID cases per day; +21% change in 7 day average; 45,365 deaths +367;  — The Guardian headline reads:  "Calls for national lockdown grow as UK death toll exceeds 60,000"; — the I that states:  "Show us the coronavirus exit strategy" and the third sub-paragraph below states:  "Despite local lockdowns, the UK has recorded its highest daily coronavirus death toll since May with hospital admissions also increasing, according with official figures." Nothing else in any other national newspaper. What I find confusing, if that is the word, perhaps disorganized reporting would be better, is that the statistics published, on the whole, seem to be a rolling total since March 2020.  At that time, a national lockdown was in effect.  Then the rules started relaxing in June. What we have now are regional or local lockdowns in different tiers.  Also, each country in the UK has its own rules.  In my view, the statistics should show both national for an overall incidence of the disease but, more importantly, regional or local figures to show new developments.   So, we either continue on the first phase (because initially incidence was only in London and the SE) or we have entered a second phase and statistics should be clear about this. Thank you.

Ivonne Holliday ● 1981d

Richard says:"The Good News is that the main COVID-19 medical threat is over," proclaims Edward Thompson. Really? Take a look at today's figures: it doesn't look to me that the threat is over, but perhaps Edward Thompson would like to explain.”He then shows three graphs.The FIRST graph show the number of people in the UK who have died within a month of having a positive test for Covid (from Covid and from other health issues). The graph rises very steeply into April and shows many days when the number who died was over 1,000.  These deaths were concentrated in London and the South East. The graph tails off gradually down to a very low death rate in Aug and Sept. This tailing off may well relate to increased T cell immunity as the virus spread quickly in London.The graph of death rates in the UK rises gradually from mid Sept to end October (and may continue to rise).  Few of these deaths are in London where T cell immunity has been building up. These deaths are concentrated in Newcastle, Manchester (and generally in the North and in Scotland).  The North had lower exposure to the virus earlier in the year and did not have a chance to build up T cell immunity:  this is now changing as the North catches up.Remember that a great many people had built up T cell immunity (before Covid-19 arrived in the UK in January) from exposure to the 4 common coronaviruses which have been circulating in the community for many years (along with other seasonal influenza viruses).  This is the reason that a great many people have not contracted Covid-19 despite extensive exposure to it.  Most of us know of families where one (or more) people have suffered Covid badly, but the rest of the household has not been infected by this extremely infectious disease at all. They were not protected by having antibodies. They were protected by their T cell immunity. If your T cell immunity is strong enough to protect you against getting Covid symptoms then you will never need your body to generate antibodies.  Testing for antibodies suggests that up to 7 or 8% of people now have antibodies to Covid-19.  It is thought that up to around 30% of people are protected by T cell immunity (from before Covid arrived) and this % has increased since.  We all know that many people are “asymptomatic”:  they do not suffer symptoms.Unfortunately I'm not sure that there is any general test that can show if you have T cell immunity.We also know that almost no children suffer Covid-19 symptoms (although we don’t really know why).  If the virus cannot get into their cells to reproduce itself, it is very unlikely that children can spread the virus.The incidence of infection in London and the rate of deaths is now very low in London. However, it will probably never go away. It is likely to fall away in severity and become like the other seasonal flus and viruses that we have learned to live with (although if we are old or have other compromising conditions, it may still kill the vulnerable, as seasonal flus do). Richard’s SECOND graph is of the no of people in the UK in hospital with coronavirus each day.  The graph shows a similar pattern to the first graph. The numbers are much larger (because you may be in hospital for many days, but you only die once). I believe that the peak of the graph in April was focussed on London (and the South East).  The rise from mid Sept to late October is likely to be focussed on the North.  This explanation is similar to the explanation of the first graph.The THIRD graph Richard show is of the no of new coronavirus cases per day.  The graph rose steeply in April, fell away until August and has since risen dramatically.  There are three important things to remember. First there are dramatically more tests being done each day than back in April. Second a great many of those who test positive show no symptoms at all.  Third the tests are now being very widely done by newly recruited people who may not have the experience to conduct the tests correctly: this can lead to the phenomenon of “false positives”: that is they are given a positive result but do not have the virus.  I agree that the graph looks dramatic.  However, the more important graph (and the most reliable and objective graph) is of the no of people who die each day.When I said that, “The Good News is that the main COVID-19 medical threat is over”, I did perhaps “mis-speak”. I should have said that, “The Good News is that the main COVID-19 medical threat is over in London.”Remember that the economic damage in London is far from over.  We need to life back to normal. We need to see the immunity levels rise in the community in order to protect older people – like me.

Edward Thompson ● 1982d

It is true that somewhere in the region of 6,000 people around the whole world are day are dying after having had positive Covid tests. However, almost all of them also had other health issues: they are not dying just of Covid.In many days in April over 1,000 people a day died in the UK after having tested positive for Covid (many of these in London).In October the number dying each day in the UK after having tested positive for Covid is around 100 (with very few of these in London).These are the facts - not opinions.The number of positive tests for Covid in the UK each day is above 20,000.  In April it was around 5,000 a day. This may be partly because more people are being tested (and may well include false positives). However, the number testing positive is very much larger than in April. The number dying (especially in London) is very much lower than in April.Dr Mike Yeadon believes this is because many people in London are now protected by having prior T-cell immunity and or antibody immunity.Whatever you (want to) believe the numbers dying in London have fallen dramatically.This is important.  We need to act on these facts and get back to normal life.If we do get back to normal life the immunity in London will continue to rise. This is important and will mean that infection of the vulnerable is becomes less likely.Remember that people died before Covid came to these shores and people will die of other causes after it has ceased to be a significant factor.

Edward Thompson ● 1983d

The way to get lies past people is to encorporate a little bit of truth in them. That way people get convinced more easily, particularly the gullible - they even spread the lies for you.The Chief Scientific Officer of Pfizer is a main board role in an enormous multinational pharmaceutical company. That wasn't Dr Yeadon. At the moment it's a chap called Mikael Dolsten. Then there are dozens of people in the organisation with a job title like Chief Scientific Officer (XYZ). That means they have a middle management role in some little bit of Pfizer - in Yeadon's a case, a team working on asthma therapeutics.So Yeadon had the job title "Chief Scientific Officer (Allergy & Respiratory)". He was A chief scientific officer. Not THE chief scientific officer. There is a world of difference. A difference which is cleverly elided on bullsh*t websites and a bulls*it talk radio shows hosted by a stupid bigoted woman.Yeadon's contribution to medical science is this. Pfizer wanted to close down the little bit of it of which he was "Chief Scientific Officer" because they didn't see any value in it. He persuaded some vc's to help him buy it instead. Then he ran it for a little while before selling it again to Novartis for many millions. So he is now a rich man. Some months later its main product, an experimental dermatitis treatment was found to be worthless. Novartis wrote off their investment. Yeadon now has a 2nd career as a shill for Toby Young, writing cod science pieces, giving a veneer of credibility to gull the unwary.

Michael Winstanley ● 1983d

Like Matt this isn't my area of science although I've been reading around it recently. It's obviously a weakness if the knowledge on SAGE isn't properly balance and, as Ivonne says, we seemed to be poorly prepared for a pandemic even though exercises have been carried out in the past. My observations are that at this level of science peer politics start coming into play (I've seen it is other fields like astrophysics where if you disagree with someone's theory in, say, dark matter you're probably not going to get that promotion). I've only had time to skim Dr Yeardon's article and his points around immunity or resistance to the disease seem not unreasonable although he doesn't mention the implications of people having recurrent infections of the disease because of a limit from antibody protection which research now shows is possible. I wonder if he's done any specific research into Covid 19? He also refers to it as a respitory disease. While it obviously can affect the respitory system, some researchers see it as more than that as it can seemingly affect the cadio-vascular system, other organs (some people have vision problems ...) and it's thought it even crosses membranes protecting the brain in some cases. I don't see what evidence he has to say that the medical emergency is over - France, Italy, Spain etc who were ahead of us with cases in March seem to be concerned about another wave occurring and they're not following SAGE analysis or advice, plus it's documented that the Flu pandemic following the first world war had three phases. I think it's right to question SAGE but I'm wondering how much of Yeardon's article is opinion based on research into other viruses rather evidence on how the new virus is affecting people. If sure the current actions are precautionary because of lived and evolving knowledge but if the NHS were to be overwhelmed then SAGE and the government would be criticised for that.Interestingly, Trump seems to be trying to keep the US economy open as far as possible but the cases seem to be escalating and I'm not sure if that's helping their economy - international travel is also restricted to and from the US unless its absolutely essential, so he's not fully prepared to open up!

Michael Ixer ● 1984d

I am giving my comments as a lay person with little scientific background other than slightly above A level but not to undergraduate level.I have read Mike Yeadon's article but not watched the video.Mike Yeadon criticizes the composition of SAGE as it does not have a clinical immunologist.  I also heard that there are no virologists either.  So this could be a weak link.Yeadon also indicates (in his article of 16 October 2020 and updated on 21 October 2020) that "SAGE has made two fatal errors in its assessment of the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic which led it to conclude that the pandemic is still in its early stages with the vast majority of the population remaining susceptible to infection and that further deaths will occur."  Well, London and the SE of England have had a terrifying experience of COVID-19 since March and doctors, nurses et al have progressed enormously with understanding the way the virus develops and ways of treating it.  Yeadon says, "the pandemic is weeks away from being over and is already done and dusted everywhere south of Midlands (except Wales? but he has not yet tracked the evolution of the pandemic there adequately enough to say)."  We shall see!It is also true to say the experience gained in London and the SE has been invaluable, albeit at a great cost, and of great benefit to the north of the Midlands (including Wales?.  Whether the virus is really on the way out is perhaps too premature to say as we do not know how COVID-19 will pan out in the north of the country. I wholeheartedly hope that the incidence there is not a repetition of what we saw in London.Coronavirus is not new but the strain COVID-19 is and we do not know if it is mutating or not. One can argue that a lot of information has been gained since SARS in 2003 and MERS in 2012 but the strains were different.What is true to say is that the UK was woefully prepared for a pandemic as the government chose to set aside the advise on preparing for one....  After watching on TV the PPE equipment doctors and nurses had for the Ebola outbreak in Congo in 2018, we can conclude that the provision of PPE for COVID-19 in the UK was beyond horrific, with billions being spent on contracts with firms that never produced a thing!  This was not SAGE's fault.I am a firm believer that masks do help when used while respecting social distancing and regular washing of hands.  The masks do not necessarily protect you but certainly others, just as surgeon's masks are worn to protect the patient and not the surgeon.Also, I believe in vaccines and, if the virus is here to stay (in whichever shape or form), a vaccine will help tremendously in protecting people, particularly NHS staff. I just hope that proper tests are carried out before it is widely used.  A vaccine can be of great help, just as the flu vaccine is today.Do you put the health of the nation before any economic considerations?  I believe yes, but you are dammed if you do and dammed if you do not.  But I believe the government has dealt with the pandemic very badly indeed and it is not thanks to SAGE.  Politics will be politics and this government is a master in delegating responsibility to all others.Thank you and apologies for the length of the response!

Ivonne Holliday ● 1984d

Thanks for your honesty Matt. Thanks also Mike.I know you perhaps won't want to hear what is said on the video but I do from the bottom of my heart feel that it is important that you could at least try to listen for the following reasons.- This is the ex scientific adviser to Pfiser (Dr. Mike Yeardon)speaking about how Sir Patrick Valance has misled people with his advice on Covid. Mike Yeardon actually trained with Valance and has some interesting revelations.- That Dr. Yeardon actually succinctly explains about the overtesting of the population and the implications this has for creating misleading data and a false picture of what is actually going on in the NHS.- Dr. Yeardon comes across as more sincere, honest and crucially better qualified than any of the SAGE scientific group, who seem to be mostly experts in computer modelling. Dr. Yeardon, Toxicologist/Biochemist is an expert in Respiratory infections (PhD in Respiratory Pharmacology).- He points out that SAGE (whom the Government relies on for its interpretation of Scientific data of Cov19) has fundamentally made errors of judgement that are catastrophic in the handling of these matters.- Mike Ixer... Dr. Yeardon does not disagree with you about vaccines. You might like to read the text summary (from above link) rather than listen onerously to the rather overlong video linked in post 1.Cheers.Good health to all!https://lockdownsceptics.org/what-sage-got-wrong/Please do digest and comment if you see fit.

Thomas Newton ● 1984d

I can see merit in both sides.  This appears to be a more aggressive and deadly Coronavirus than usual colds and flus, as seen by the number of excess deaths.  The data also seems to suggest, however, that the virus only presents serious health problems to the elderly and those with existing health issues (there have been exceptions, but you can find these with seasonal flu too.)  Whilst the young have been pilloried for breaking lockdown rules and being ‘entitled’ they are, in effect, being asked to make dramatic changes to their lives for no direct benefit yet huge costs to themselves.  The fact we, as a society, have come together so well is wonderful.  I don’t, however,  think it’s surprising, therefore, that seven months in, compliance is breaking down  (I was staggered to read today that only 10% of direct contacts have fully adhered to the two week isolation law.)So, what to do?  At one extreme you can try to prevent every single death by locking everybody down until the virus either goes away or a vaccine is found and administered to the whole population, regardless of the fact that poverty will increase, other health conditions will be neglected and the general well-being of people will suffer - and recognising that the virus could be with us for years.  On the other you do nothing and allow the virus to run rife through the population the majority of people will recover, but recognising  that tens of thousands of elderly and vulnerable people will die - almost like sort of genocide.  Both extremes come with horrendous consequences.Finding a balance, therefore, is incredibly difficult and is as much an ethical decision as it is an economic or healthcare based one.  What has really struck me is the lack of debate around this issue - and indeed the perception that even having a debate around this is not permitted.  So whilst I don’t necessarily agree with views in Edward’s video, I do agree with Thomas that we ought to be having better debates about how we move forward and how best to strike a balance

Craig Fordham ● 1984d

I'm always polite, Matt! I think the current government is floundering - I don't think many have STEM qualifications do they? And I quoted Prof Spector as many in the medical profession are mystified by many aspects of Covid-19 and admit they are learning - honesty is a good start. There are indications that having been exposed to viruses of a similar type may provide some T-cell immunity from this novel virus. Distancing and mask coupled with good hand hygiene and fresh air seem to have been shown to reduce the risk of catching it. However, there are a number of pieces in the jigsaw but no one has been able to put then together yet. The government's main aim has has been to stop the NHS being flooded Covid cases  leading to a rise in deaths of all causes and I personally believe Niel Ferguson's model assisted with that last March. I'd like to see the research evidence on why someone thinks the false plosive rate is so great - for example amongst students as being young they're surely the ones least likely to be exposes to other similar viruses and therefore less likely to have immunity. I assume error rates are determined by sampling to match swab test results with blood samples? The best way of quenching the virus is a robust and efficient test, trace and isolate process, as New Zealand has shown - although their geographic location and sparser population and a government with the populations trust does assist in that. And, yes, a vaccination is needed to return to the new normal. 

Michael Ixer ● 1984d